Peano curves
Discovered by Giuseppe Peano in 1890, Peano curves are a class of one-dimensional space-filling curves that densely fill higher dimensional space. Liberman-Aiden, winner of the Lemelson-MIT Student Prize, recently published a 3-D map of the genome that suggests long stretches of DNA fold into Peano-curve–like structures.

See Article: How the human genome folds in 3-D